Renal

Sub-Areas to Renal:

Nephropathy (1)
Cholesterol Crystal Emboli Syndrome (0)
Incidence (1)
Genetics (2)
Transplantation (0)
Diabetic Glomerulopathy (2)
Hypercalciuria (2)
Mineral Metabolism (4)


(Journal Article): Glycated albumin induces superoxide generation in mesangial cells
 
Yoo C, Song C, Kim B, Hong H, Lee H (Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea, hyunsoon@plaza.snu.ac.kr )
 
IN: Cell Physiol Biochem 2004; 14(4-6):361-368
Impact Factor(s) of Cell Physiol Biochem: 2.853 (2001)

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ABSTRACT: Background/Aims: Reactive oxygen species are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Amadori-modified glycated albumin modulates signaling pathways in mesangial cells that contribute to the development of diabetic nephropathy. However, the effects of glycated albumin on mesangial cell superoxide (O(2)(-)) production are unknown. Thus, we examined whether glycated albumin induces mesangial cell O(2)(-) generation and whether increased O(2)(-) production elicits cell growth. Methods: Quiescent human mesangial cells (HMC) were exposed to bovine serum albumin (BSA) or glycated BSA (Gly-BSA) with or without diphenylene iodonium (DPI) or apocynin, inhibitors of NAD(P)H oxidase, GF109203X (GFX), a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor. Results: Gly-BSA increased PKC activity, particularly PKC-alpha and -alpha1, within 15 min of incubation with HMC, which decreased to the control value at 2 h. Gly-BSA incubated with HMC increased O(2)(-) production by 2 times vis-a-vis BSA-treated cells. The Gly-BSA-induced increased O(2)(-) generation was suppressed by DPI or GFX. Gly-BSA significantly increased mesangial [(3)H]-leucine incorporation, whereas these processes were abrogated by DPI, apocynin or GFX. Conclusions: Gly-BSA induces PKC/NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent O(2)(-) production in HMC, which in turn results in cell hypertrophy. Thus, O(2)(-) induced by glycated albumin might cause mesangial cell alterations in diabetes participating in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy.



 
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(Journal Article): Measurement of renal function by calculation of fractional uptake of technetium-(99m) dimercaptosuccinic acid
 
Beatovic SLj, Jaksic ED, Han RS (Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade)
 
IN: Nucl Med Rev Cent East Eur 2004; 7(1):49-52

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to set up normal values of the fractional uptake (FU) of technetium-(99m) dimercaptosuccinic acid in adults and in the pediatric population, as well as to evaluate the validity of this parameter at different levels of renal function. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 86 subjects was divided into seven groups. In group A there were 23 potential kidney donors and in group B, 18 children in remission after a first urinary tract infection. Another three groups consisted of patients with diabetes i.e. group C, seven patients with normal values of albuminuria, group D, 16 patients with microalbuminuria and group E, five patients with macroalbuminuria. In group F, there were ten patients with a well-functioning transplanted kidney and in group G, seven patients with suspected acute rejection. The procedure began with the quantification of the doses of (99m)Tc-DMSA to be injected and the measurement of the empty syringe lying on the gamma camera collimator. Thereafter, four planar views of the kidneys were acquired three hours after the injection. The counts from the posterior and anterior views were subtracted for background and corrected for radioactive decay time and patient thickness. The FU was calculated by the geometric mean of counts per second from the posterior and anterior view. It was expressed as a fraction of the injected dose. RESULTS: The mean values of FU in healthy adults were 0.227 +/- 0.077 for one kidney and 0.454 +/- 0.146 for both kidneys. The mean values of FU for the left and right kidney were 0.225 +/- +/- 0.071 and 0.229 +/- 0.079, respectively. In children, the mean values were 0.220 +/- 0.092 for one kidney and 0.432 +/- 0.094 for both kidneys. The highest values of FU of 0.322 +/- 0.078 (0.644 +/- 0.138 for both kidneys) were measured in group C. In group D, FU was 0.185 +/- 0.065 (0.361 +/- 0.125 for both kidneys) and in group E 0.082 +/- 0.040 (0.163 +/- 0.080 total). In patients with a transplanted kidney, fractional uptake was 0.162 +/- +/- 0.039 in group F and 0.065 +/- 0.021 in group G. There was no significant difference in the values of FU between healthy adults and children. The uptake in group C was 41% higher than in group A and the difference was statistically significant. In groups D and E, the uptake was significantly lower than in A. In both groups of patients with transplanted kidneys, the uptake was significantly lower than in control group. The correlation between FU and biochemical parameters of renal function [blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Cr) and creatinine clearance (C(Cr))] was significant: FU/BUN r = -0.86; FU/Cr r = -0.77; FU/C(Cr) r = 0.60. CONCLUSION: Fractional uptake of(99m)Tc-DMSA could serve as a sensitive parameter of renal function. The mean values of FU in adults were 0.454 and in children 0.432. There was no significant difference between values for the left and right kidney. In diabetes mellitus, fractional uptake correlated well with the degree of diabetic nephropathy. In patients with a well-functioning transplant, the uptake was slightly reduced. Low values of fractional uptake in acute rejection were related to lesions in kidney blood vessels and in tubular cells.



 
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