T2DM

Sub-Areas to T2DM:

Risk Factors (0)
Cardiovascular (1)
Neural (1)
Renal (0)
Ophthalmic (0)
Guidelines (0)

(Journal Article): Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications: From the Molecular Biology to the Clinical Practice
 
Malecki MT (Department of Metabolic Diseases, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, 15 Kopernika Street, 31-501 Krakow, Poland, mmalecki(at)cm-uj.krakow.pl )
 
IN: Rev Diabetic Stud 2004; 1(1):5-8
Impact Factor(s) of Rev Diabetic Stud: 0.125 (2006)

Fulltext:    HTML  PDF

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Probably the most urgent problem in the field of diabetology, and one of the most important in XXI. century medicine, is an epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is estimated that the number of people with diabetes worldwide exceeds 200 million [1, 2]. Most of them are patients with type 2 diabetes. In the societies of the industrialized world the prevalence of this disease has reached a few percent of the entire population and is still growing [1, 2]. For many decades type 2 diabetes, formerly referred to as non-insulin-dependent, has been regarded a less dangerous type of disease by both the patients and their doctors. Just recall, "latent diabetes", "biochemical diabetes", "diabetes of old age". Wrong!!! The scientists, physicians, patients, politicians and entire societies must now realize that type 2 diabetes is a leading cause of premature death, mainly due to cardiovascular causes, and of occurrence of complications that can lead to blindness, amputations, and renal insufficiency. The life expectancy of millions of patients is shortened due to the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes [3]. The disease imposes huge human and economic costs on patients, their families, local communities, health care systems, and societies [4]. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by two major defects: impaired insulin secretion and a decrease in its peripheral action [5]. Both of them have roots in the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Moreover, there is growing evidence that genetic background also influences the complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus [6, 7, 8].

REFERENCES:

1. Zimmet P, Alberti KG, Shaw J. Global and societal implications of the diabetes epidemic. Nature 2001. 414:782-787. [DOD]
2. King H, Aubert RE, Herman WH. Global burden of diabetes, 1995-2025: prevalence, numerical estimates, and projections. Diabetes Care 1998. 21:1414-1431. [DOD]
3. Morrish NJ, Wang SL, Stevens LK, Fuller JH, Keen H. Mortality and causes of death in the WHO Multinational Study of Vascular Disease in Diabetes. Diabetologia 2001. 44 Suppl 2:S14-21. [DOD]
4. Selby JV, Ray GT, Zhang D, Colby CJ. Excess costs of medical care for patients with diabetes in a managed care population. Diabetes Care 1997. 20:1396-402. [DOD]
5. Kahn CR. Insulin action, diabetogenes, and the cause of type II diabetes. Diabetes 1994. 43:1066-1082. [DOD]
6. Imperatore G, Knowler WC, Nelson RG, Hanson RL. Genetics of diabetic nephropathy in the Pima Indians. Curr Diab Rep 2001. 1:275-281. [DOD]
7. Canani LH, Gerchman F, Gross JL. Familial clustering of diabetic nephropathy in Brazilian type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes 1999. 48:909-913. [DOD]
8. Ethnicity and cardiovascular disease. The incidence of myocardial infarction in white, South Asian, and Afro-Caribbean patients with type 2 diabetes (U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study 32). Diabetes Care 1998. 21:1271-1277.
9. Newman B, Selby JV, King MC, Slemenda C, Fabsitz R, Friedman GD. Concordance for type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in male twins. Diabetologia 1987. 30:763-768. [DOD]
10. Warram JH, Rich SS, Krolewski A. Epidemiology and genetics of diabetes mellitus. In: Joslin’s diabetes mellitus, 13th edition. Eds. Kahn CR, Weir GC. Pensylvania: Lea & Febiger, Malvern, PE, USA, 1994. [DOD]
11. Fajans SS, Bell GI, Polonsky KS. Molecular mechanisms and clinical pathophysiology of maturity-onset diabetes of the young. N Engl J Med 2001. 345:971-980. [DOD]
12. Huopio H, Otonkoski T, Vauhkonen I, Reimann F, Ashcroft FM, Laakso M. A new subtype of autosomal dominant diabetes attributable to a mutation in the gene for sulfonylurea receptor 1. Lancet 2003. 361:301-307. [DOD]
13. Ballinger SW, Shoffner JM, Hedaya EV, Trounce I, Polak MA, Koontz DA, Wallace DC. Maternally transmitted diabetes and deafness associated with a 10.4 kb mitochondrial DNA deletion. Nat Genet 1992. 1:11-15. [DOD]
14. McCarthy MI. Susceptibility gene discovery for common metabolic and endocrine traits. J Mol Endocrinol 2002. 28:1-17. [DOD]
15. Horikawa Y, Oda N, Cox NJ, Li X, Orho-Melander M, Hara M, Hinokio Y, Lindner TH, Mashima H, Schwarz PE et al. Genetic variation in the gene encoding calpain 10 is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Genet 2000. 26:163-75. [DOD]
16. Altshuler D, Hirschhorn JN, Klannemark M, Lindgren CM, Vohl MC, Nemesh J, Lane CR, Schaffner SF, Bolk S, Brewer C et al. The common PPARgamma Pro12Ala polymorphism is associated with decreased risk of type 2 diabetes. Nat Genet 2000. 26:76-80. [DOD]
17. Baier LJ, Permana PA, Yang X, Pratley RE, Hanson RL, Shen GQ, Mott D, Knowler WC, Cox NJ, Horikawa Y et al. A calpain-10 gene polymorphism is associated with reduced muscle mRNA levels and insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 2000. 106:R69-73. [DOD]
18. Ek J, Andersen G, Urhammer SA, Hansen L, Carstensen B, Borch-Johnsen K, Drivsholm T, Berglund L, Hansen T, Lithell H, Pedersen O. Studies of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 (PPAR-gamma2) gene in relation to insulin sensitivity among glucose tolerant caucasians. Diabetologia 2001. 44:1170-1176. [DOD]
19. Kondo H, Shimomura I, Matsukawa Y, Kumada M, Takahashi M, Matsuda M, Ouchi N, Kihara S, Kawamoto T, Sumitsuji S, Funahashi T, Matsuzawa Y. Association of adiponectin mutation with type 2 diabetes: a candidate gene for the insulin resistance syndrome. Diabetes 2002. 51:2325-2328. [DOD]
20. Reis AF, Ye WZ, Dubois-Laforgue D, Bellanne-Chantelot C, Timsit J, Velho G. Association of a variant in exon 31 of the sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) gene with type 2 diabetes mellitus in French Caucasians. Hum Genet 2000. 107:138-144. [DOD]
21. Moczulski DK, Grzeszczak W, Gawlik B. Role of hemochromatosis C282Y and H63D mutations in HFE gene in development of type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes Care 2001. 24:1187-1191. [DOD]
22. Huxtable SJ, Saker PJ, Haddad L, Walker M, Frayling TM, Levy JC, Hitman GA, O'Rahilly S, Hattersley AT, McCarthy MI. Analysis of parent-offspring trios provides evidence for linkage and association between the insulin gene and type 2 diabetes mediated exclusively through paternally transmitted class III variable number tandem repeat alleles. Diabetes 2000. 49:126-130. [DOD]
23. Boutin P, Gresh L, Cisse A, Hara M, Bell G, Babu S, Eisenbarth G, Froguel P. Missense mutation Gly574Ser in the transcription factor HNF-1alpha is a marker of atypical diabetes mellitus in African-American children. Diabetologia 1999. 42:380-381. [DOD]
24. Urhammer SA, Rasmussen SK, Kaisaki PJ, Oda N, Yamagata K, Moller AM, Fridberg M, Hansen L, Hansen T, Bell GI, Pedersen O. Genetic variation in the hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha gene in Danish Caucasians with late-onset NIDDM. Diabetologia 1997. 40:473-475. [DOD]
25. Hani EH, Stoffers DA, Chevre JC, Durand E, Stanojevic V, Dina C, Habener JF, Froguel P. Defective mutations in the insulin promoter factor-1 (IPF-1) gene in late-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest 1999. 104:R41-48. [DOD]
26. Macfarlane WM, Frayling TM, Ellard S, Evans JC, Allen LI, Bulman MP, Ayres S, Shepherd M, Clark P, Millward A et al. Missense mutations in the insulin promoter factor-1 gene predispose to type 2 diabetes. J Clin Invest 1999. 104:R33-39. [DOD]
27. Quinn M, Angelico MC, Warram JH, Krolewski AS. Familial factors determine the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with IDDM. Diabetologia 1996. 39:940-945. [DOD]
28. Seaquist ER, Goetz FC, Rich S, Barbosa J. Familial clustering of diabetic kidney disease. Evidence for genetic susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy. N Engl J Med 1989. 320:1161-1165. [DOD]
29. Imperatore G, Knowler WC, Pettitt DJ, Kobes S, Bennett PH, Hanson RL. Segregation analysis of diabetic nephropathy in Pima Indians. Diabetes 2000. 9:1049-1056. [DOD]
30. Imperatore G, Hanson RL, Pettitt DJ, Kobes S, Bennett PH, Knowler WC. Sib-pair linkage analysis for susceptibility genes for microvascular complications among Pima Indians with type 2 diabetes. Pima Diabetes Genes Group. Diabetes 1998. 47:821-830. [DOD]
31. Krolewski AS, Warram JH. Epidemiology of late complications of diabetes. In Joslin’s diabetes mellitus, 13th edition. Eds. Kahn CR, Weir GC. Pensylvania, Lea & Febiger, Malvern, PE, USA, 1994. [DOD]
32. Leslie RD, Pyke DA. Diabetic retinopathy in identical twins. Diabetes 1982. 31:19-21. [DOD]
33. Moczulski DK, Scott L, Antonellis A, Rogus JJ, Rich SS, Warram JH, Krolewski AS. Aldose reductase gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy in Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 2000. 17:111-118. [DOD]
34. Neamat-Allah M, Feeney SA, Savage DA, Maxwell AP, Hanson RL, Knowler WC, El Nahas AM, Plater ME, Shaw J, Boulton AJ, Duff GW, Cox A. Analysis of the association between diabetic nephropathy and polymorphisms in the aldose reductase gene in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 2001. 18:906-914. [DOD]
35. Ichikawa F, Yamada K, Ishiyama-Shigemoto S, Yuan X, Nonaka K. Association of an (A-C)n dinucleotide repeat polymorphic marker at the 5'-region of the aldose reductase gene with retinopathy but not with nephropathy or neuropathy in Japanese patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med 1999. 16:744-748. [DOD]
36. Wang Y, Ng MC, Lee SC, So WY, Tong PC, Cockram CS, Critchley JA, Chan JC. Phenotypic heterogeneity and associations of two aldose reductase gene polymorphisms with nephropathy and retinopathy in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003. 26:2410-2415. [DOD]
37. Roguin A, Koch W, Kastrati A, Aronson D, Schomig A, Levy AP. Haptoglobin genotype is predictive of major adverse cardiac events in the 1-year period after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in individuals with diabetes. Diabetes Care 2003. 26:2628-2631. [DOD]
38. Levy AP, Hochberg I, Jablonski K, Resnick HE, Lee ET, Best L, Howard BV. Strong Heart Study.Haptoglobin phenotype is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in individuals with diabetes: The Strong Heart Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002. 40:1984-1990.
39. Hochberg I, Roguin A, Nikolsky E, Chanderashekhar PV, Cohen S, Levy AP. Haptoglobin phenotype and coronary artery collaterals in diabetic patients. Atherosclerosis 2002. 161:441-446. [DOD]
40. Shepherd M, Ellis I, Ahmad AM, Todd PJ, Bowen-Jones D, Mannion G, Ellard S, Sparkes AC, Hattersley AT. Predictive genetic testing in maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). Diabet Med 2001. 18:417-21. [DOD]
41. Pearson ER, Starkey BJ, Powell RJ, Gribble FM, Clark PM, Hattersley AT. Genetic cause of hyperglycaemia and response to treatment in diabetes. Lancet 2003. 362:1275-1281. [DOD]
42. Chan L, Fujimiya M, Kojima H. In vivo gene therapy for diabetes mellitus. Trends Mol Med 2003. 9:430-435. [DOD]

(Journal Article): A Case of Acquired Generalized Lipodystrophy with Cerebellar Degeneration and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
 
Chao PJ, Tsai JCR, Chang DM, Shin SJ, Lee YJ (Department of Internal Medicine, Pingtung Christian Hospital, Pingtung, 90000 Taiwan, t3275(at)ms25.hinet.net )
 
IN: Rev Diabetic Stud 2004; 1(4):193-197
Impact Factor(s) of Rev Diabetic Stud: 0.125 (2006)

Fulltext:    HTML  PDF

ABSTRACT: Acquired generalized lipodystrophy (AGL) is a rare disorder of adipose tissue characterized by loss of fat from large regions of the body, occurring after birth. Its etiology remains unknown. Most AGL patients have had fasting and/or postprandial hyperinsulinemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertriglyceridemia, and fatty liver. We describe the case of a 30-year-old woman with a progressively unsteady gait and a generalized loss of body fat beginning at the age of 7. Cerebellar degeneration was revealed by imaging study, and the patient was eventually bedridden at the age of 15, due to progressive ataxia. She developed diabetes at the age of 25 without the presence of any evidence of ketoacidosis. The glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody was negative, C-peptide level 3.6 ng/ml, HbA1c 13%, triglyceride 412 mg/dl, total cholesterol 196 mg/dl, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol 28 mg/dl, adiponectin 0.76 mcg/ml, and resistin was 22.8 ng/ml at the initial state of diabetes. AGL accompanied by type 2 diabetes and cerebellar degeneration was diagnosed on the basis of the clinical features and metabolic derangements.

TYPE OF PUBLICATION: Case Report

REFERENCES:

1. Smith DO, LeRoith D. Insulin resistance syndrome, pre-diabetes, and the prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Cornerstone 2004. 6:7-6.
2. Ravussin E, Smith SR. Increased fat intake, impaired fat oxidation, and failure of fat cell proliferation result in ectopic fat storage, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002. 967:363-378.
3. Bays H, Mandarino L, DeFronzo RA. Role of the adipocyte, free fatty acids, and ectopic fat in pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus: peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor agonists provide a rational therapeutic approach. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004. 89:463-478.
4. Lewis GF, Carpentier A, Adeli K, Giacca A. Disordered fat storage and mobilization in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Endocr Rev 2002. 23:201-229.
5. Garg A. Lipodystrophies. Am J Med 2000, 108:143-152.
6. Garg A, Misra A. Lipodystrophies: rare disorders causing metabolic syndrome. Endrocrinol Metab Clin N Am 2004. 33:305-331.
7. Garg A. Regional adiposity and insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004. 89:4206-4210.
8. Ziegler LH. Lipodystrophies: report of seven cases. Brain 1928. 51:145-167.
9. Misra A, Garg A. Clinical features and metabolic derangements in acquired generalized lipodystrophy: case reports and review of the literature. Medicine 2003. 82:129-146.
10. Lawrence RD. Lipodystrophy and hepatomegaly with diabetes, lipemia, and other metabolic disturbances. Lancet 1946. 1:724-731.
11. Pardini VC, Victoria IM, Rocha SM, Andrade DG, Rocha AM, Pieroni FB, Milagres G, Purisch S, Velho G. Leptin levels, beta-cell function, and insulin sensitivity in families with congenital and acquired generalized lipoatropic diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998. 83:503-508.
12. Garg A. Acquired and inherited lipodystrophies. N Engl J Med 2004. 350:1220-1234.
13. Haque WA, Shimomura I, Matsuzawa Y, Garg A. Serum adiponectin and leptin levels in patients with lipodystrophies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002. 87:2395-2398.
14. Sarai T, Kawanishi K, Saito Y, Aoi K, Nishina Y, Ofuji T. Lipoatrophic diabetes. Report of a case. Act Med Okayama 1978. 32:309-318.
15. Vantyghem MC, Vigouroux C, Magre J, Desbois-Mouthon C, Pattou F, Fontaine P, Lefebvre J, Capeau J. Late-onset lipoatrophic diabetes. Phenotypic and genotypic familial studies and effect of treatment with metformin and lispro insulin analog. Diabetes Care 1999. 22:1374-1376.
16. Panz VR, Wing JR, Raal FJ, Kedda MA, Joffe BI. Improved glucose tolerance after effective lipid-lowering therapy with bezafibrate in a patient with lipoatrophic diabetes mellitus: a putative role for Randle's cycle in its pathogenesis? Clin Endocrinol 1997. 46:365-368.
17. Hubler A, Abendroth K, Keiner T, Stocker W, Kauf E, Hein G, Stein G. Dysregulation of insulin-like growth factors in a case of generalized acquired lipoatrophic diabetes mellitus (Lawrence Syndrome) connected with autoantibodies against adipocyte membranes. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 1998. 106:79-84.
18. Iglesias P, Fidalgo PA, Codoceo R, Diez JJ. Lipoatrophic diabetes in an elderly woman: Clinical course and serum adipocytokine concentrations. Endrocrine Journal 2004. 51:279-286.
19. Berger JR, Oral EA, Taylor SI. Familial lipodystrophy associated with neurodegeneration and congenital cataracts. Neurology 2002. 58:43-47.
20. Aminoff MJ, Greeberg DA, Simon RP. Clinical Neurology. Prentice-Hall International, Inc. 1996, Chapter 4, pp110-120.
21. Cooke WT, Thomas-Smith W. Neurological disorders associated with adult celiac disease. Brain 1966. 89:683-722.
22. Wenning GK, Colosimo C, Feser F, Poewe W. Multiple system atrophy. Lancet Neurol 2004. 3:93-103.
23. Shill HA, Alaedini A, Latov N, Hallett M. Anti-ganglioside antibodies in idiopathic and hereditary cerebellar degeneration. Neurology 2003. 60:1672-1673.
24. Oral EA, Simha V, Ruiz E, Andewelt A, Premkumar A, Snell P, Wagner AJ, DePaoli AM, Reitman ML, Taylor SI, et al. Leptin-replacement therapy for lipodystrophy. N Engl J Med 2002. 346:570-578.
25. Van Gaal LF, Mertens IL, Abrams PJ. Health risks of lipodystrophy and abdominal fat accumulation: therapeutic possibilities with leptin and human growth hormone. Growth Horm IGF Res 2003. 13 Suppl A:S4-S9.
26. Petersen KF, Oral EA, Dufour S, Befroy D, Ariyan C, Yu C, Cline GW, DePaoli AM, Taylor SI, Gorden P, et al. Leptin reverses insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in patients with severe lipodystrophy. J Clin Invest. 2002. 109:1345-1350.
27. Savage DB, Tan GD, Acerini CL, Jebb SA, Agostini M, Gurnell M, Williams RL, Umpleby AM, Thomas EL, Bell JD, et al. Human metabolic syndrome resulting from dominant-negative mutations in the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma. Diabetes 2003. 52:910-917.
28. Arioglu E, Duncan-Morin J, Sebring N, Rother KI, Gottlieb N, Lieberman J, Herion D, Kleiner DE, Reynolds J, Premkumar A, et al. Efficacy and safety of troglitazone in the treatment of lipodystrophy syndromes. Ann Intern Med 2000. 133:263-274.
29. McGarry JD. Banting lecture 2001: dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism in the etiology of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2002. 51:7-18.
30. Reitman ML, Arioglu E, Gavrilova O, Taylor SI. Lipoatrophy revisited. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2000. 11:410-416.
31. Weyer C, Funahashi T, Tanaka S, Hotta K, Matsuzawa Y, Pratley RE, Tataranni PA. Hypoadiponectinemia in obesity and type 2 diabetes: close association with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001. 1930-1935.

(Journal Article): Epidemiology and genetics of diabetes mellitus.
 
Warram JH, Rich SS, Krolewski A
 
IN: Joslin's diabetes mellitus. 13th edition. Eds. Kahn CR, Weir GC. Pensylvania: Lea & Febiger, Malvern, PE, USA. 1994

TYPE OF PUBLICATION: Original article

Articles citing this article:

• Malecki MT. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications: From the Molecular Biology to the Clinical Practice. Rev Diabetic Stud 2004. 1: 5-8.
  » Diabetes OD » Diabetic Complications » T2DM » Journal Article 

(Journal Article): Genetic variation in the gene encoding calpain 10 is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
 
Horikawa Y, Oda N, Cox NJ, Li X, Orho-Melander M, Hara M, Hinokio Y, Lindner TH, Mashima H, Schwarz PE et al
 
IN: Nat Genet 2000; 26:163-75
Impact Factor(s) of Nat Genet: 25.797 (2005), 24.695 (2004), 26.494 (2003), 26.711 (2002), 29.6 (2001)

Fulltext:    HTML 

TYPE OF PUBLICATION: Original article

Articles citing this article:

• Malecki MT. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications: From the Molecular Biology to the Clinical Practice. Rev Diabetic Stud 2004. 1: 5-8.
  » Diabetes OD » Diabetic Complications » T2DM » Journal Article 

(Journal Article): Segregation analysis of diabetic nephropathy in Pima Indians.
 
Imperatore G, Knowler WC, Pettitt DJ, Kobes S, Bennett PH, Hanson RL
 
IN: Diabetes 2000; 9:1049-1056
Impact Factor(s) of Diabetes: 8.848 (2004), 8.298 (2003), 8.256 (2002), 7.7 (2001)

TYPE OF PUBLICATION: Original article

Articles citing this article:

• Malecki MT. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications: From the Molecular Biology to the Clinical Practice. Rev Diabetic Stud 2004. 1: 5-8.
  » Diabetes OD » Diabetic Complications » T2DM » Journal Article 

(Journal Article): Sib-pair linkage analysis for susceptibility genes for microvascular complications among Pima Indians with type 2 diabetes.
 
Imperatore G, Hanson RL, Pettitt DJ, Kobes S, Bennett PH, Knowler WC
 
IN: Diabetes 1998; 47:821-830
Impact Factor(s) of Diabetes: 8.848 (2004), 8.298 (2003), 8.256 (2002), 7.7 (2001)

TYPE OF PUBLICATION: Original article

Articles citing this article:

• Malecki MT. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications: From the Molecular Biology to the Clinical Practice. Rev Diabetic Stud 2004. 1: 5-8.
  » Diabetes OD » Diabetic Complications » T2DM » Journal Article 

(Journal Article): Epidemiology of late complications of diabetes.
 
Krolewski AS, Warram JH
 
IN: Joslin's diabetes mellitus, 13th edition. Eds. Kahn CR, Weir GC. Pensylvania, Lea & Febiger, Malvern, PE, USA 1994;

ABSTRACT: not available

TYPE OF PUBLICATION: Original article

Articles citing this article:

• Malecki MT. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications: From the Molecular Biology to the Clinical Practice. Rev Diabetic Stud 2004. 1: 5-8.
  » Diabetes OD » Diabetic Complications » T2DM » Journal Article 

(Journal Article): Diabetic retinopathy in identical twins.
 
Leslie RD, Pyke DA
 
IN: Diabetes 1982; 31:19-21
Impact Factor(s) of Diabetes: 8.848 (2004), 8.298 (2003), 8.256 (2002), 7.7 (2001)

TYPE OF PUBLICATION: Original article

Articles citing this article:

• Malecki MT. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications: From the Molecular Biology to the Clinical Practice. Rev Diabetic Stud 2004. 1: 5-8.
  » Diabetes OD » Diabetic Complications » T2DM » Journal Article 

(Journal Article): Aldose reductase gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy in Type 1 diabetes mellitus.
 
Moczulski DK, Scott L, Antonellis A, Rogus JJ, Rich SS, Warram JH, Krolewski AS
 
IN: Diabet Med 2000; 17:111-118
Impact Factor(s) of Diabet Med: 2.621 (2004), 2.235 (2003), 2.678 (2001)

Fulltext:    HTML 

TYPE OF PUBLICATION: Original article

Articles citing this article:

• Malecki MT. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications: From the Molecular Biology to the Clinical Practice. Rev Diabetic Stud 2004. 1: 5-8.
  » Diabetes OD » Diabetic Complications » T2DM » Journal Article 

(Journal Article): Analysis of the association between diabetic nephropathy and polymorphisms in the aldose reductase gene in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
 
Neamat-Allah M, Feeney SA, Savage DA, Maxwell AP, Hanson RL, Knowler WC, El Nahas AM, Plater ME, Shaw J, Boulton AJ, Duff GW, Cox A
 
IN: Diabet Med 2001; 18:906-914
Impact Factor(s) of Diabet Med: 2.621 (2004), 2.235 (2003), 2.678 (2001)

Fulltext:    HTML 

TYPE OF PUBLICATION: Original article

Articles citing this article:

• Malecki MT. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications: From the Molecular Biology to the Clinical Practice. Rev Diabetic Stud 2004. 1: 5-8.
  » Diabetes OD » Diabetic Complications » T2DM » Journal Article 

(Journal Article): Association of an (A-C)n dinucleotide repeat polymorphic marker at the 5'-region of the aldose reductase gene with retinopathy but not with nephropathy or neuropathy in Japanese patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
 
Ichikawa F, Yamada K, Ishiyama-Shigemoto S, Yuan X, Nonaka K
 
IN: Diabet Med 1999; 16:744-748
Impact Factor(s) of Diabet Med: 2.621 (2004), 2.235 (2003), 2.678 (2001)

Fulltext:    HTML 

TYPE OF PUBLICATION: Original article

Articles citing this article:

• Malecki MT. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications: From the Molecular Biology to the Clinical Practice. Rev Diabetic Stud 2004. 1: 5-8.
  » Diabetes OD » Diabetic Complications » T2DM » Journal Article 

(Journal Article): Phenotypic heterogeneity and associations of two aldose reductase gene polymorphisms with nephropathy and retinopathy in type 2 diabetes.
 
Wang Y, Ng MC, Lee SC, So WY, Tong PC, Cockram CS, Critchley JA, Chan JC
 
IN: Diabetes Care 2003; 26:2410-2415
Impact Factor(s) of Diabetes Care: 7.071 (2004), 7.501 (2003), 5.477 (2002), 5.404 (2001)

TYPE OF PUBLICATION: Original article

Articles citing this article:

• Malecki MT. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications: From the Molecular Biology to the Clinical Practice. Rev Diabetic Stud 2004. 1: 5-8.
  » Diabetes OD » Diabetic Complications » T2DM » Journal Article 

(Journal Article): Haptoglobin genotype is predictive of major adverse cardiac events in the 1-year period after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in individuals with diabetes.
 
Roguin A, Koch W, Kastrati A, Aronson D, Schomig A, Levy AP
 
IN: Diabetes Care 2003; 26:2628-2631
Impact Factor(s) of Diabetes Care: 7.071 (2004), 7.501 (2003), 5.477 (2002), 5.404 (2001)

TYPE OF PUBLICATION: Original article

Articles citing this article:

• Malecki MT. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications: From the Molecular Biology to the Clinical Practice. Rev Diabetic Stud 2004. 1: 5-8.
  » Diabetes OD » Diabetic Complications » T2DM » Journal Article 

(Journal Article): Strong Heart Study. Haptoglobin phenotype is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in individuals with diabetes: The Strong Heart Study.
 
Levy AP, Hochberg I, Jablonski K, Resnick HE, Lee ET, Best L, Howard BV
 
IN: J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 40:1984-1990
Impact Factor(s) of J Am Coll Cardiol: 9.133 (2004), 7.599 (2003), 6.278 (2002), 6.374 (2001)

Fulltext:    HTML 

ABSTRACT: not available

TYPE OF PUBLICATION: Original article

Articles citing this article:

• Tsai JCR, Chang DM, Chung FM, Wu JC, Shin SJ, Lee YJ. The Association of Silent Coronary Artery Disease and Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Rev Diabetic Stud 2004. 1: 18-28.
  » Diabetes OD » Diabetic Complications » T2DM » Cardiovascular » Coronary Artery Disease » Journal Article 

(Journal Article): Haptoglobin phenotype and coronary artery collaterals in diabetic patients.
 
Hochberg I, Roguin A, Nikolsky E, Chanderashekhar PV, Cohen S, Levy AP
 
IN: Atherosclerosis 2002; 161:441-446
Impact Factor(s) of Atherosclerosis: 3.796 (2004), 3.603 (2003), 3.333 (2002), 3.469 (2001)

Fulltext:    HTML 

TYPE OF PUBLICATION: Original article

Articles citing this article:

• Malecki MT. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications: From the Molecular Biology to the Clinical Practice. Rev Diabetic Stud 2004. 1: 5-8.
  » Diabetes OD » Diabetic Complications » T2DM » Journal Article 

(Journal Article): Predictive genetic testing in maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY).
 
Shepherd M, Ellis I, Ahmad AM, Todd PJ, Bowen-Jones D, Mannion G, Ellard S, Sparkes AC, Hattersley AT
 
IN: Diabet Med 2001; 18:417-21
Impact Factor(s) of Diabet Med: 2.621 (2004), 2.235 (2003), 2.678 (2001)

Fulltext:    HTML 

TYPE OF PUBLICATION: Original article

Articles citing this article:

• Malecki MT. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications: From the Molecular Biology to the Clinical Practice. Rev Diabetic Stud 2004. 1: 5-8.
  » Diabetes OD » Diabetic Complications » T2DM » Journal Article 

(Journal Article): Genetic cause of hyperglycaemia and response to treatment in diabetes.
 
Pearson ER, Starkey BJ, Powell RJ, Gribble FM, Clark PM, Hattersley AT
 
IN: Lancet 2003; 362:1275-1281
Impact Factor(s) of Lancet: 23.407 (2005), 21.713 (2004), 18.316 (2003), 15.397 (2002), 13.251 (2001)

Fulltext:    HTML 

TYPE OF PUBLICATION: Original article

Articles citing this article:

• Malecki MT. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications: From the Molecular Biology to the Clinical Practice. Rev Diabetic Stud 2004. 1: 5-8.
  » Diabetes OD » Diabetic Complications » T2DM » Journal Article 

(Journal Article): In vivo gene therapy for diabetes mellitus.
 
Chan L, Fujimiya M, Kojima H
 
IN: Trends Mol Med 2003; 9:430-435
Impact Factor(s) of Trends Mol Med: 7.497 (2004), 9.848 (2003), 7.162 (2002)

Fulltext:    HTML 

TYPE OF PUBLICATION: Original article

Articles citing this article:

• Malecki MT. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications: From the Molecular Biology to the Clinical Practice. Rev Diabetic Stud 2004. 1: 5-8.
  » Diabetes OD » Diabetic Complications » T2DM » Journal Article