Sub-Areas to Hypercalciuria:
(Journal Article): Hypercalciuria, hyperphosphaturia, and growth retardation in children with diabetes mellitus.
Malone JI, Lowitt S, Duncan JA, Shah SC, Vargas A, Root AW
IN:
Pediatrics
1986; 78:298-304
Impact Factor(s) of Pediatrics: 3.903 (2004), 3.781 (2003), 3.416 (2002), 3.708 (2001)
ABSTRACT: The role of hypercalciuria and hyperphosphaturia in the growth retardation of children with diabetes mellitus was investigated in 157 children with diabetes whose mean height was less than that of 37 nondiabetic siblings of similar age (P less than .025). Hyperglycemia, hypercalciuria, and hyperphosphaturia were assessed coincident with the height measurement of each child in a cross-sectional survey. The distribution of height percentiles of the children with diabetes was skewed to the left with 61% at or below the 50th percentile. Eleven percent of the insulin-dependent children with diabetes mellitus were shorter than would be anticipated by a normal distribution of the 157 children. The duration of diabetes (hyperglycemia) had the greatest influence upon the children's height. Children with diabetes were shorter than the nondiabetic subjects by the fourth year of hyperglycemia, and this difference in height became statistically significant after 7 years or more of diabetes. The degree of hypercalciuria and hyperphosphaturia was more closely associated with reduced height in children with diabetes than was the degree of hyperglycemia, although the renal wastage of calcium and phosphorus seemed to be the result of glucosuria. Because hypercalciuria and hyperphosphaturia impair growth in nondiabetic children, they may also play an important role in the poor growth of children with diabetes mellitus.
TYPE OF PUBLICATION: Original article
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(Journal Article): Renal calcium and magnesium handling in experimental diabetes mellitus in the rat.
Anwana AB, Garland HO (Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK.)
IN:
Acta Endocrinol (Copenh)
1990; 122:479-486
ABSTRACT: Metabolic and renal clearance techniques were used to examine kidney function in conscious and anesthetised streptozotocin diabetic rats. All diabetics showed an enhanced calcium and magnesium excretion compared to controls. However, the renal handling of these ions in relation to other electrolytes varied with different experiments. In non-infused conscious rats, the excretion of all ions was higher in diabetics, but the increased output of Ca2+ and Mg2+ was far greater than that of other electrolytes. In infused anesthetised diabetics only the outputs of Ca2+ and Mg2+ were significantly raised. This resulted from a significant reduction in the tubular reabsorption of both ions (% Ca2+ reabsorption: Controls 97.0 +/- 0.5; Diabetics 86.1 +/- 2.1; p less than 0.001). Insulin treatment reversed these changes. Major differences therefore exist in the renal handling of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in control and diabetic kidneys. Such differences do not simply parallel changes in the handling of other ions, and thus represent specific Ca2+ and Mg2+ lesions. Anesthetised infused diabetic rats also showed a reduced glomerular filtration rate and urine output compared to controls. Such differences may relate to an altered fluid balance in the two groups, different responses to surgery and anesthesia, or the degree of hyperglycemia in diabetic animals.
TYPE OF PUBLICATION: Original article
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